Main Causes and Treatment Methods of Teeth Grinding (Bruxism)

Teeth grinding, also known as bruxism, is a very common condition today and is often directly related to high levels of stress and anxiety. However, not only psychological factors but also genetic predisposition play an important role in its development. When individuals become aware of this problem, it can significantly affect their daily lives.

Many studies have explored the connection between bruxism and psychological issues, aiming to better understand this condition. Fortunately, there are effective treatment options available to manage bruxism and reduce its impact.

Common Causes of Bruxism

Bruxism refers to the involuntary grinding or clenching of teeth, usually while sleeping and not during eating. This repetitive pressure on the teeth can lead to jaw muscle stiffness, pain, and discomfort.

Common causes of bruxism include:

• Tooth growth and changes with age

• Missing or misaligned teeth

• Problems with the jaw joints (TMJ disorders)

• Bad habits (smoking, alcohol, caffeine, etc.)

• Side effects of certain medications

• Neurological disorders such as epilepsy, Parkinson’s, or dementia

• Sleep apnea, breathing problems, and snoring

• Stress, anxiety, and depression

• Psychological conditions

• Genetic predisposition

Research shows that sleep quality plays an important role in bruxism. Disruptions during REM sleep can trigger teeth grinding episodes.

The Link Between Stress, Psychology, and Teeth Grinding

Stress is one of the leading causes of bruxism, as with many other health problems. Modern life makes coping with stress increasingly difficult, and bruxism is often a physical reflection of that internal tension.

Initially, teeth grinding may occur unconsciously and seem harmless, but chronic stress can intensify it, leading to significant dental damage. Increased anxiety, irritability, social withdrawal, and interpersonal issues may accompany the condition.

Therefore, managing psychological stress is a key part of treating bruxism.

Jaw and Dental Structure Factors

Anatomical issues also play a major role in teeth grinding. Irregularities in jaw alignment or crooked teeth can create uneven pressure during biting, which triggers grinding or clenching.

Even people with perfectly straight, healthy teeth can experience bruxism due to subconscious muscle tension, particularly during sleep.

Long-Term Effects of Teeth Grinding

If teeth grinding continues and worsens, tooth sensitivity will gradually increase. Over time, it can cause tooth fractures, enamel cracks, and discoloration.

Chronic bruxism can lead to jaw joint pain, tooth wear, and even bone resorption. The continuous pressure may cause gum recession and facial structure changes such as prominent jawlines or enlarged chewing muscles.

This can result in fatigue, headaches, and sleep disturbances, negatively affecting daily life and mood.

Treatment Methods for Bruxism

Before starting treatment, the underlying cause of bruxism must be identified — whether it’s stress, anatomical issues, or neurological conditions. Treatment should be personalized according to the patient’s needs, health condition, and lifestyle.

Common treatment methods include:

• Night guard or bite splint therapy

• Botox injections to relax jaw muscles

• Medication (for pain or muscle relaxation)

• Psychological therapy or stress management

• Neurological evaluation (if underlying conditions are suspected)

With the right approach, bruxism is a treatable condition. Early diagnosis and intervention help prevent permanent damage to teeth and jaw joints. Consulting a qualified dentist or specialist is essential for long-term relief and improved quality of life.

This page content is for informational purposes only.
For diagnosis and treatment, please consult your dentist.